Name common FOIA exemptions that protect law enforcement, privacy, and confidential business information.

• A. Exemption 6 (personal privacy), Exemption 4 (confidential commercial information), Exemption 5 (deliberative process) and others; For core, use 4, 5, 6.
• B. Exemption 1, 2, 3.
• C. Exemption 7, 8, 9.
• D. Exemption 10, 11, 12.

Answer: (A)

FOIA exemptions categorize sensitive information so it can be kept from public disclosure. When you’re looking at protections for privacy, confidential business information, and law-enforcement materials, three exemptions stand out as the most commonly invoked: Exemption 4 shields confidential commercial information a business shares with the agency, because releasing it could harm the business’s competitive position. Exemption 5 covers the deliberative process, including internal analyses and draft materials that inform decisions but aren’t final, preserving candid discussion and the integrity of decision-making. Exemption 6 guards personal privacy, withholding information about individuals to prevent an unwarranted invasion of privacy. For law enforcement specifically, Exemption 7 protects records and information compiled for law-enforcement purposes. The answer emphasizes these three as the core protections for privacy and confidential business information, while also acknowledging there are additional exemptions that can cover law-enforcement materials. This framing best fits the question by highlighting the key exemptions involved and noting the existence of other applicable provisions.